IRAN: THE SNAKE HAS GROWN TWO HEADS
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Summary
Professor Toto argues that Iran should be understood not as a unitary government but as a system divided between civilian institutions and the IRGC. Using the April 17, 2026 dispute over reopening the Strait of Hormuz as the central example, the article portrays the Foreign Ministry as the diplomatic “head” of the state and the Revolutionary Guard as the coercive and economic “head” capable of overriding civilian assurances. It traces the development of this structure back to 1979, examines the IRGC’s military, commercial, and proxy influence, and argues that U.S. policy must deal directly with the center of power capable of enforcing or violating any agreement. The article recommends escalating economic and maritime pressure on the IRGC rather than treating civilian diplomacy alone as sufficient.
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